Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 1
Compulsory C. c. Elementary Web Authoring
- Recognise the basic constructs of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
which is a means to address
cross-platform issues.
- Design and construct web pages for an intended audience and upload them onto the World Wide Web.
- The organisation of information includes ease of navigation, appropriate placement of links, tables, frames and multimedia elements, colour combinations, background design, font size and style, for an intended audience.
Students are not required to memorise HTML codes.(you still need to memorise them for elective part)
HTML
- Stands for
Hypertext Markup Language
- Markup Language: a computer language using symbols/tags in a text document to control its layout and format. E.g. html, xml
- Function: create web pages
- Current version: HTML5
- Reason to use current version: follow new standards, support new functions, avoid deprecated(outdated) element/attribute
- Possibly not supported by some old browsers
Basic structure
of HTML document
<html>
<head>
<title> THIS IS TITLE </title>
<!--SOME
OTHER ELEMENTS ARE ALSO PLACED IN THE HEAD SECTION-->
</head>
<body>
THIS IS WITHIN
WORKSPACE OF THE BROWSER, ENCLOSED BY THE BODY TAGS
</body>
</html>
- Tags: Building blocks of a HTML document. Most tags work in pairs. E.g. <html> </html>.
- Attributes: For example, when using <font size=”1”>, size=”1” is known as attribute. It provides additional information about the <font> tag. Different attributes are available to different tags.
HTML tags:
Font size and style <font>
The <font> tag is removed in
HTML5. To format font size, font-family and color, Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS) is recommended.
- Old method: <font size=”1” face=”arial” color=”green”> YOUR TEXT </font>
Text formatting <b> <i>
<u> <del> <sub> <sup>
<b> bold </b>
<i> italic </i>
<u> underlined </u>
<del> deleted </del>
<sub> subscript </sub>
<sup> superscript </sup>
Text alignment
The <center> tag and align attribute are removed in HTML5. Using CSS to edit text alignment is recommended.
- Old method:
<center> This is center alignment </center>
<p align=”left”> This paragraph is left aligned. </p>
Heading <h1> to <h6>
<h1> This is largest. </h1>
<h6> This is smallest. </h6>
Paragraphs <p> <br>
<pre>
<p> Text within the tag forms a paragraph </p>
<p> This is another paragraph. <br> br stands
for line break. <br> No new paragraph is formed. </p>
<pre> Pre stands for preformatted text.
It preserves the line breaks and spaces as you typed in the
HTML document. </pre>
Character entities/Escape characters
Tags used the reserved characters < and >. To properly displace it in the web page, we use character entities/escape characters.
<: <
>: >
Multiple consecutive space in a HTML document will
automatically be reduced to a single space.
To displace multiple space, use <pre> or escape
character known as,
non-breaking space:
Comments
If you want to include comments in the HTML document, you can enclose the message with <!-- and -->. The message will not be displayed in the web page.
Reference:
https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
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